Bonsai kemuning mempunyai beberapa keunggulan dibanding dengan jenis bonsai lainnya, yakni: karakter kulit pohon berkerak sehingga mengesankan pohon tua, kaya perantingan serta mudah berbunga. Bunga pohon kemuning sangat semerbak harum baunya.
Di Indonesia sedniri sudah dikenal ada 2 jenis pohon kemuning yaitu; kemuning lokal/jenar dan kemuning jepang yang biasa digunakan buat bonsai.
Kemuning (Murraya paniculata) merupakan tumbuhan berasal keluarga Rutaceae M. paniculata in flower pots.
Kemuning (Murraya paniculata) atau nama sinonimnya Murraya exotica L.; Murraya banati Elm; Chalas paniculata, artinya tanaman tropis yg dapat mencapai tinggi 7 meter serta berbunga sepanjang tahun.
Daunnya mirip daun jeruk, cuma ukuran lebih mungil, tak jarang digunakan menjadi tumbuhan hias atau tumbuhan pagar. Bunganya terminal dan harum, petal 12–18 mm, panjang, putih. Buahnya akan berwarna merah hingga oranye Jika telah matang.
Pohon bonsai harus dipangkas, dipotong dan dibentuk sampai ukuran dan hasil yang diinginkan tercapai. berikut Teknik Mudah Cara Membuat Dan Merawat Bonsai Untuk Pemula:
Metode Satu dari Tiga:
Pemangkasan untuk Pemeliharaan.
1. Hapus semua gulma dan kayu atau daun mati.
Carilah gulma yang tumbuh di pot bonsai serta ranting atau daun mati di pohon itu sendiri. Dengan hati-hati mencabut gulma, pastikan tidak merusak akar bonsai. Ambil ranting atau dedaunan yang mati dari pohon dan buanglah.
2. Potong cabang yang disilangkan dan patah.
Cabang-cabang yang bersilangan saling bergesekan dan meninggalkan luka yang memungkinkan masuknya hama atau penyakit ke dalam kayu. Cabang atau ranting yang rusak harus dihilangkan untuk memungkinkan pohon mengarahkan energinya ke pertumbuhan baru. Gunakan pemotong cabang bonsai untuk memotong cabang yang bersilangan dan putus tepat di atas titik di mana mereka memanjang keluar dari batang pohon.
3. Kurangi ranting sehingga hanya memiliki 3-4 simpul.
Node adalah sendi yang keluar dari tumbuh. Setelah ranting memiliki 6-8 node, potonglah sehingga hanya 3-4 node yang tersisa. Buat potongan bersih tepat di atas node yang tersisa dengan pemotong cabang atau kenop. Ini menjaga pohon agar tidak tumbuh terlalu besar dan juga mendorong pertumbuhan baru.
4. Pangkas berat di musim semi dan musim panas.
Meskipun pohon bonsai dapat dipangkas sepanjang tahun, sebagian besar pemangkasan harus dilakukan ketika pohon tersebut aktif tumbuh melalui musim semi dan musim panas. Tergantung pada lokasi Anda, ini mungkin dari bulan Maret hingga September.
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Metode Dua dari Tiga:
Melakukan Pemangkasan Struktural dan Gaya.
1. Pangkas untuk struktur dan gaya dari November hingga Februari.
Untuk memastikan Anda tidak merusak pohon terlalu banyak atau menghambat pertumbuhannya, Anda hanya harus memangkas struktur dan gaya saat pohon tidak aktif. Biasanya, ini selama bulan-bulan musim dingin dari November hingga Februari.
2. Memotong cabang besar.
Cabang-cabang besar yang menonjol dari pohon dapat dihilangkan, seperti cabang-cabang dengan tikungan atau belokan yang tidak alami atau yang terlihat tidak menyenangkan mata. Potong setiap cabang tepat di atas simpul di tempat yang membantu menyeimbangkan tampilan pohon. Gunakan pemotong cabang untuk membuat potongan yang bersih.
3. Rapikan mahkota dan kanopi.
Untuk memungkinkan cahaya menyaring melalui kanopi dan mencapai cabang yang lebih rendah, serta untuk membentuk kanopi ke ukuran yang diinginkan, potong kembali cabang atau ranting di bagian atas pohon. Gunakan pemotong cabang untuk memotong cabang dan tunas yang tumbuh terlalu banyak sehingga kanopi membulat dan seimbang.
4. Hapus pengisap dari pohon.
Pengisap adalah cabang kecil yang dapat tumbuh di pangkal batang atau cabang-cabang pohon. Ini dapat dipetik dengan jari-jari Anda untuk membantu menjaga keseimbangan dan estetika pohon. Singkirkan pengisap yang menurut Anda mengurangi daya tarik bonsai secara keseluruhan.
5. Putar tunas dari pohon konifer.
Untuk membuat bentuk yang lebih ringkas, gunakan jari Anda untuk menjepit seluruh jarum dari area yang terlalu besar atau terlalu banyak. Putar jarum untuk mengeluarkannya dari ranting. Biarkan 3 jarum di masing-masing cabang, tetapi jangan ragu untuk menghilangkan sisanya. Ini akan mendorong lebih banyak bercabang di pohon.
6. Menebangi pohon gugur setelah pertumbuhan baru telah menetap.
Dedaunan menghilangkan daun tua dan panjang dan mendorong pertumbuhan daun yang lebih kecil, lebih menyenangkan secara estetika. Potong setiap daun di pangkalan, biarkan tangkainya sendirian. Daun baru yang lebih kecil akan tumbuh di tempatnya. Ini adalah teknik yang berisiko, karena penggundulan hutan yang dilakukan selama waktu yang salah tahun mungkin berarti pohon itu tidak akan pernah pulih.
Metode Tiga dari Tiga:
Merawat Bonsai Anda setelah Pemangkasan.
1. Tutup luka dengan pasta luka.
Untuk mencegah terlalu banyak getah yang bocor dan untuk membantu luka sembuh, oleskan pasta luka bonsai ke memar. Peras sedikit krim ke jari yang bersarung dan oleskan lapisan tipis pada setiap potongan. Anda dapat menemukan pasta luka bonsai di pusat-pusat berkebun dan online.
2. Siram bonsai segera setelah dipangkas.
Sangat penting untuk menyiram bonsai dalam-dalam setelah pemangkasan untuk mendorong pertumbuhan baru. Pastikan untuk menjenuhkan tanah sepenuhnya saat pertama kali Anda menyirami pohon setelah pemangkasan.
3. Sirami pohon dengan ringan sekali sehari.
Anda harus langsung menyiram air dalam setelah pemangkasan. Kemudian, sirami pohon itu dengan ringan setiap hari. Usahakan agar tanah tetap lembab, tetapi tidak lembek. Tanah yang terlalu jenuh dapat menyebabkan pembusukan akar, jadi berhati-hatilah agar tidak terlalu banyak menyiram pohon.
4. Oleskan pupuk 7-7-7 setiap 2 minggu saat pohon tumbuh aktif.
Pilih pupuk yang dibuat khusus untuk pohon bonsai, seperti pupuk 7-7-7. Gunakan pupuk cair untuk bonsais kecil, dan pupuk granular untuk bonsais besar. Encerkan pupuk menjadi setengah kekuatan, atau gunakan setengah sebanyak yang diarahkan pada paket.
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